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Ram Narayan ((ヒンディー語:राम नारायण); IAST: , ; born 25 December 1927), often referred to with the title Pandit, is an Indian musician who popularised the bowed instrument ''sarangi'' as a solo concert instrument in Hindustani classical music and became the first internationally successful ''sarangi'' player. Narayan was born near Udaipur and learned to play the ''sarangi'' at an early age. He studied under ''sarangi'' players and singers and, as a teenager, worked as a music teacher and traveling musician. All India Radio, Lahore, hired Narayan as an accompanist for vocalists in 1944. He moved to Delhi following the partition of India in 1947, but wishing to go beyond accompaniment and frustrated with his supporting role, Narayan moved to Mumbai in 1949 to work in Indian cinema. After an unsuccessful attempt in 1954, Narayan became a concert solo artist in 1956, and later gave up accompaniment. He recorded solo albums and began to tour America and Europe in the 1960s. Narayan taught Indian and foreign students and performed, frequently outside India, into the 2000s. He was awarded India's second highest civilian honour, the Padma Vibhushan, in 2005. == Early life == Ram Narayan was born on 25 December 1927 in Amber village, near Udaipur in northwestern India.〔Sorrell 1980, p. 11〕 His great-great-grandfather, Bagaji Biyavat, was a singer from Amber, and he and Narayan's great-grandfather, Sagad Danji Biyavat, sang at the court of the Maharana of Udaipur.〔 Narayan's grandfather, Har Lalji Biyavat, and father, Nathuji Biyavat, were farmers and singers, Nathuji played the bowed instrument ''dilruba'', and Narayan's mother was a music lover.〔Sorrell 1980, p. 13〕 Narayan's first language was Rajasthani and he learned Hindi and, later, English.〔Qureshi 2007, p. 108〕〔Qureshi 2007, p. 109〕 At an age of about six, he found a small ''sarangi'' left by the family's ''Ganga guru'', a genealogist, and was taught a fingering technique developed by his father.〔Sorrell 1980, p. 14〕〔Bor 1987, p. 149〕 Narayan's father taught him, but was worried about the difficulty of playing the ''sarangi'' and its association with courtesan music, which gave the instrument a low social status.〔〔Sorrell 2001, p. 637〕 After a year, Biyavat sought lessons for his son from ''sarangi'' player Mehboob Khan of Jaipur, but changed his mind when Khan told him Narayan would have to change his fingering technique.〔 Narayan's father later encouraged him to leave school and devote himself to playing the ''sarangi''.〔 At about ten years of age, Narayan learned the basics of ''dhrupad'', the oldest genre of Hindustani classical music, by studying and imitating the practice of ''sarangi'' player Uday Lal of Udaipur, a student of ''dhrupad'' singers Allabande and Zakiruddin Dagar.〔〔Bor 1999, p. 180〕 After Uday Lal died of old age, Narayan met traveling singer Madhav Prasad, originally of Lucknow, who had performed at the court of Maihar.〔Bor 1987, p. 151〕〔Sorrell 1980, p. 15〕 With Prasad, Narayan enacted the ''ganda bandhan'', a traditional ceremony of acceptance between a teacher and his pupil, in which Narayan swore obedience in exchange for being maintained by Prasad.〔Sorrell 1980, p. 17〕 He served Prasad and was taught in ''khyal'', the predominate genre of Hindustani classical music, but returned to Udaipur after four years to teach music school.〔〔 Prasad later visited Narayan and convinced him to resign his position and dedicate his time to improvement as a musician, although the idea of giving up a steady life was not well received by Narayan's family.〔〔 He stayed with Prasad and travelled to several Indian states until Prasad fell ill and advised him to learn from singer Abdul Wahid Khan in Lahore.〔Sorrell 1980, p. 16〕 Following Prasad's death in Lucknow, Narayan enacted the ''ganda bandhan'' with another teacher who gave him lessons, but soon left for Lahore and never performed the ritual again.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ram Narayan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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